Furthermore, acknowledging C Level Contact List that Russia's modern intellectual tradition is an imitation and that the country is culturally dependent on Europe runs smack into the idea of ​​Russian greatness. In the imagination of the country's ruling elites, throughout its history, Russia has primarily formed an alternative center of power pursuing C Level Contact List a global and universal 'project', like the orthodox empire of the Romanovs or the Soviet empire. Seeing Russia in a student role made the country appear as a junior partner in the concert of European power. From the Pan-Slavic view of Russia as an original "cultural-historical type" to the C Level Contact List reinvention of the country as an autonomous world within classical Eurasianism, it is the struggle with this double dilemma that has always shaped the Russian intelligentsia 's discourses on the nation and international positioning throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Behind these exercises in C Level Contact List symbolic geography was an aspiration shared by generations of nationalist thinkers: to challenge the dominant Eurocentric perspective and insist on Russia's status as an autonomous civilization, fully sovereign and at least on a par with any other major European power. . Current ideologues C Level Contact List close to the Kremlin draw from this reservoir of metaphors, meanings, images, and tropes. Yet today's opponents of Europe ignore the fact that their 19th-century predecessors, while amassing ample evidence of the imminent demise of the West, thereby positioned themselves in a lively C Level Contact List debate within Europe. Indeed, his intellectual constructs were largely products of the European spirit.

In his cultural-historical study C Level Contact List The Icon and the Ax , James pointed to a "significant phenomenon" that has perennially marked Russian intellectual history: the figure of the "Western prophet who looks to Russia with C Level Contact List his eyes searching for the realization of ideas that in the West itself they do not get the attention they deserve. Throughout the nineteenth century, among these "Western prophets" were European C Level Contact List mystics, romantics, utopians, reactionaries, and conservative Christians such as Francois-René de Chateaubriand in France, Joseph-Marie de Maistre in Piedmont-Sardinia, Juan Donoso Cortés in Spain, and Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel in Germany.